Gas

GHG Protocol Scope 1 - direct emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company. 4 SUB-CATEGORIES: (1) STATIONARY COMBUSTION - emissions from combustion of fuels in stationary equipment including boilers + furnaces + burners + turbines + heaters + incinerators + engines + flares + ovens + dryers + and other stationary processes; FUELS include natural gas + coal + oil + biomass + biofuels + waste-derived fuels + hydrogen; CALCULATION via fuel consumption x emission factor (IPCC + national + manufacturer + EPA Mandatory Reporting Rule + EEA + others); (2) MOBILE COMBUSTION - emissions from transportation in mobile sources including company-owned/controlled vehicles + trucks + ships + planes + trains + machinery; FUELS include gasoline + diesel + jet kerosene + biofuels + LPG + CNG + LNG + hydrogen; CALCULATION via fuel-based or distance-based methods; (3) PROCESS EMISSIONS - emissions from physical or chemical processes including cement production + iron + steel + ammonia + chemical processes + refrigeration + waste treatment + landfill methane + manure management; CALCULATION via mass-balance + process-specific emission factors; (4) FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - emissions from unintentional releases including refrigerant leaks (HFCs + CFCs + HCFCs + PFCs + SF6 + NF3) + methane leaks (natural gas systems + agriculture) + air conditioning + fire-suppression; CALCULATION via direct measurement + emission factors + leak rates. GHG GASES (Kyoto basket + others): CO2 + CH4 + N2O + HFCs + PFCs + SF6 + NF3; expressed in tCO2e using GWP (Global Warming Potential) from IPCC AR5 (most recent + with AR6 update pipeline).

The organization shall establish, implement, control and maintain the processes needed to meet the environmental management system requirements and to implement the actions determined in clause 6, by establishing operating criteria for the processes and implementing control of the processes in accordance with those criteria; controls can include engineering controls and procedures and can follow a hierarchy such as elimination, substitution and administrative controls. It shall control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate adverse effects as necessary, and shall ensure that externally provided processes, products or services relevant to the intended outcomes of the system are controlled or influenced, with the type and extent of control or influence defined within the system. Consistent with a life cycle perspective it shall establish controls as appropriate so that its environmental requirements are addressed in the design and development process for the product or service considering each life cycle stage; determine its environmental requirements for the procurement of products and services as appropriate; communicate its relevant environmental requirements to external providers including contractors; and consider the need to provide information about potential significant environmental impacts associated with the transportation or delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal of its products and services. The 8.1 processes shall be available as documented information to the extent necessary for confidence that they are carried out as planned.

The organization shall quantify direct emissions separately for CO2, CH4, N2O, NF3, SF6 and other appropriate GHG groups (HFCs, PFCs) in tonnes of CO2e, and should quantify removals.

The organization shall calculate emissions and removals per the selected approach, report the period covered, convert each GHG to tonnes of CO2e with appropriate GWPs (the latest IPCC values should be used, otherwise justified) on a 100-year horizon (other horizons reported separately), quantify biogenic emissions and removals per Annex D, and quantify imported electricity consumed and exported electricity generated per Annex E.

Establish and implement criteria for evaluating energy performance over the planned or expected operating lifetime when procuring energy-using products, equipment and services expected to have a significant impact on energy performance; when procuring products, equipment and services that have or can have an impact on SEUs, inform suppliers that energy performance is one of the evaluation criteria; where applicable define and communicate specifications for ensuring the energy performance of procured equipment and services and for the purchase of energy.