EV charging

GHG Protocol Scope 2 - indirect emissions from purchased electricity + steam + heating + cooling. Per the 2015 SCOPE 2 GUIDANCE, organizations must report Scope 2 using BOTH LOCATION-BASED + MARKET-BASED methods (DUAL REPORTING). PURCHASED ENERGY TYPES: (1) ELECTRICITY from utility grid; (2) STEAM from district energy or third-party generators; (3) HEATING from district heating networks; (4) COOLING from district cooling networks. LOCATION-BASED METHOD: emissions based on average emission factor of the local grid where energy is consumed; uses regional/national/sub-national grid average emission factors (e.g. EPA eGRID for US + UK BEIS + EU AIB + International Energy Agency for non-OECD); reflects physical electricity grid mix. MARKET-BASED METHOD: emissions based on contractual instruments + market choices including REC (Renewable Energy Certificates) + Guarantees of Origin (GoOs) + Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) + supplier-specific emission factors + residual mix + green tariffs; allows reporting near-zero emissions for renewable-energy procurement; HIERARCHY: contractual instruments > supplier-specific > residual mix > location-based. DUAL REPORTING: companies must report BOTH location-based + market-based; difference indicates impact of market-based renewable energy strategies. INSTRUMENTS QUALITY CRITERIA: REC + GoO must convey attributes + be unbundled + temporally + geographically + technologically aligned + retired + tracked + not double-counted (Scope 2 Quality Criteria).

Emissions shall be aggregated at organization level into six categories: direct emissions and removals; indirect emissions from imported energy; from transportation; from products used by the organization; associated with the use of the organization's products; and from other sources; in each category non-biogenic, biogenic anthropogenic and, if quantified, biogenic non-anthropogenic emissions shall be separated (Annex D); categories should be documented at facility level and subdivided (Annex B).

Emissions from imported electricity consumed shall be quantified by the location-based approach using the emission factor that best characterises the pertinent grid (dedicated line, local, regional or national average consumption mix), preferably for the reporting year; indirect emissions such as transmission losses and upstream processes should be quantified and reported separately; a market-based approach may be used where contractual instruments meet the quality criteria (convey the generation attributes, unique claim, tracked and retired, matching period, produced within the country or interconnected market; SIDS exempted from the interconnection test), and such transactions shall be documented and reported separately; the same applies to imported heating, steam, cooling and compressed air.

Plan, implement and control the processes related to the SEUs that are needed to meet requirements and implement the actions of 6.2, by establishing criteria for the processes including effective operation and maintenance of facilities, equipment, systems and energy-using processes where their absence can lead to a significant deviation from intended energy performance; communicating the criteria to the relevant persons; implementing control in accordance with the criteria; and keeping documented information to have confidence the processes were carried out as planned. Control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, mitigating adverse effects; ensure outsourced SEUs or processes related to SEUs are controlled.